WEIGEL電流表EQ144K/1A/20A 翊霈優質供應

WEIGEL電流表EQ144K/1A/20A 翊霈優質供應

檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)是磁(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式儀表(biao)(biao)，它是根據載流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)中(zhong)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)力矩而(er)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li)(li)制成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)中(zhong)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)是安放在(zai)軸(zhou)承(cheng)上，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)彈簧游絲(si)來維持平衡(heng)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)指(zhi)針來指(zhi)示偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。由于(yu)軸(zhou)承(cheng)有(you)摩(mo)擦，被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不能太弱。檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)極(ji)細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)懸(xuan)(xuan)絲(si)代替軸(zhou)承(cheng)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)中(zhong)，由于(yu)懸(xuan)(xuan)絲(si)細(xi)而(er)長，反抗力矩很小(xiao)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)很弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通過(guo)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)就(jiu)(jiu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)它產生(sheng)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。因(yin)而(er)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)比(bi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)靈敏(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)（10-7~10-10A）或者微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（10-3~10-6V），如光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、生(sheng)理(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、溫(wen)差電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勢等。*記錄神(shen)經動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，就(jiu)(jiu)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)此類儀器實(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)光(guang)點式檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)例，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)由三部(bu)(bu)分(fen)組成：(1)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)：由永磁(ci)(ci)鐵(N,S)產生(sheng)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)，圓柱形(xing)軟鐵心(J)使(shi)氣(qi)隙中(zhong)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)呈均勻輻射(she)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。(2)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)：能在(zai)氣(qi)隙中(zhong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矩形(xing)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)C及從上下拉緊線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)張(zhang)絲(si)E,只要有(you)很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力矩作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，就(jiu)(jiu)能使(shi)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。(3)讀數(shu)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)：小(xiao)鏡M固定(ding)在(zai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)上，它把光(guang)源射(she)進(jin)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)束反射(she)到(dao)(dao)(dao)標尺(chi)上形(xing)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)光(guang)標，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)時(shi)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)受力偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)而(er)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)鏡M轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過(guo)?角(jiao)，因(yin)而(er)反射(she)光(guang)束偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)為(wei)(wei),光(guang)標在(zai)標尺(chi)上移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離n=L*α，L為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)鏡到(dao)(dao)(dao)標尺(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離，實(shi)際上阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)(ni)(ni)總是存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),當R≠∞,D≠0時(shi)有(you)三種(zhong)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態.1)欠阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)(ni)(ni)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態:此時(shi)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)R較大，β<ω,動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)平衡(heng)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心作衰減振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，并且(qie)(qie)逐(zhu)漸趨緊于(yu)平衡(heng)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。2)臨界阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)(ni)(ni)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態:R=Rc,β=ω,動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)無振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很快達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)平衡(heng)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)臨界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)Rc，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般來說，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨界阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)(ni)(ni)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態是它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)想工(gong)作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。3)過(guo)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)(ni)(ni)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態:當β>ω,即R<Rc,此時(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)也是做單向(xiang)(xiang)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，緩(huan)慢(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨向(xiang)(xiang)平衡(heng)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。R越小(xiao)，到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)平衡(heng)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間越長。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)過(guo)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)(ni)(ni)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)平衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間長，而(er)且(qie)(qie)不易(yi)判斷動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)是否到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)平衡(heng)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因(yin)此它對于(yu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)是不利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。由于(yu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)很靈敏(min)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不能超過(guo)1μA。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓經過(guo)兩次分(fen)壓后(hou)得到(dao)(dao)(dao)很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(常小(xiao)于(yu)1mV)后(hou)才加到(dao)(dao)(dao)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滑線(xian)變阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器分(fen)壓，第(di)(di)二次采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)R1/R0?≈10-3~10-4的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)級(ji)分(fen)壓。K2是換(huan)向(xiang)(xiang)開(kai)關，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)變換(huan)過(guo)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)方向(xiang)(xiang)， K3是阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)(ni)(ni)開(kai)關，將它合上就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)將檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)短路(lu)(lu)，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)就(jiu)(jiu)停止振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。
其結構(圖1) 和工作(zuo)原理與磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)系電(dian)(dian)表基本相同。作(zuo)為檢流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，要(yao)求(qiu)有較高的(de)靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)，主要(yao)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)和電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)。為提高電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)，通(tong)常要(yao)增加轉動(dong)(dong)力(li)矩，例(li)如加強(qiang)磁(ci)場(chang)和增加動(dong)(dong)圈匝數(shu)。但(dan)限于氣隙尺寸，須用(yong)很(hen)細的(de)導線繞制動(dong)(dong)圈。因此(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)高的(de)檢流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)動(dong)(dong)圈電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(內阻(zu))較高。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，要(yao)降(jiang)低(di)反抗力(li)矩，可采(cai)用(yong)力(li)矩很(hen)弱(ruo)的(de)拉絲（或懸絲）將動(dong)(dong)圈安置在(zai)(zai)永(yong)磁(ci)鐵的(de)氣隙中。為此(ci)(ci)，檢流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)使用(yong)時要(yao)保持水(shui)平位置。檢流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)圈沒有金屬(shu)框(kuang)架(jia)，阻(zu)尼(ni)(ni)力(li)矩由動(dong)(dong)圈本身提供,動(dong)(dong)圈在(zai)(zai)氣隙磁(ci)場(chang)中運動(dong)(dong)時,切(qie)割磁(ci)通(tong)而產生電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢(shi)，此(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢(shi)引起的(de)流(liu)(liu)過動(dong)(dong)圈和外(wai)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，在(zai)(zai)檢流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)中又與磁(ci)場(chang)作(zuo)用(yong)產生阻(zu)尼(ni)(ni)力(li)矩。因此(ci)(ci)，外(wai)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)結構要(yao)影響檢流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)阻(zu)尼(ni)(ni)的(de)強(qiang)弱(ruo)。若使檢流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)指示迅速(su)達到穩定(ding)，應(ying)令其工作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)稍欠(qian)阻(zu)尼(ni)(ni)狀態。磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)系檢流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)很(hen)精(jing)細的(de)電(dian)(dian)表，不使用(yong)時，須將兩端短路，這時阻(zu)尼(ni)(ni)強(qiang)，可保護檢流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)可動(dong)(dong)部分少(shao)受損害。
檢流計刻度(du)盤上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)刻度(du)分格是(shi)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)，零點(dian)標在度(du)盤中(zhong)心。動圈左右偏轉，都可讀數(shu)(shu)。刻度(du)上(shang)(shang)雖然標有(you)數(shu)(shu)值，只是(shi)表示分格數(shu)(shu)；用于測電流、電壓(ya)時，要另行標定刻度(du)分格所代(dai)表的(de)(de)準確數(shu)(shu)值。
磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)常數（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)常數互為倒數）表示，可達(da)10-9安/分格(ge)或更高(gao)，內阻(zu)(zu)達(da)幾(ji)千歐。用檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)測微弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，要求有(you)(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)。因(yin)檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)測量的(de)(de)基本量是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，如要求在一定的(de)(de)被測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下能有(you)(you)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)，則希望檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)較(jiao)低內阻(zu)(zu)，但此(ci)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)降(jiang)低。因(yin)此(ci)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)高(gao)的(de)(de)檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji),其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)要低些（例(li)如10-7安/分格(ge)）。
為使用方便(bian)，可將磁電系檢流計做成便(bian)攜式，動圈用張絲(si)拉(la)緊，并采用光線多次反(fan)射以(yi)提高靈(ling)敏度。
光(guang)(guang)電(dian)放大式(shi)檢流計(ji)(ji)(ji) 　將光(guang)(guang)電(dian)放大器與兩(liang)個(ge)磁電(dian)系檢流計(ji)(ji)(ji)結合在一起即構成圖2所示的光(guang)(guang)電(dian)放大式(shi)檢流計(ji)(ji)(ji)。初級檢流計(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)在被測回路中，它的小鏡將光(guang)(guang)線反(fan)射到差分(fen)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)池上。兩(liang)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)池的輸(shu)出電(dian)流之差流入次級檢流計(ji)(ji)(ji)G2。如此可獲得較強(qiang)的信號。為使(shi)檢流計(ji)(ji)(ji)工作穩定，通常采用(yong)負反(fan)饋(kui)線路。
測短暫脈沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)流(liu)所(suo)含電(dian)荷量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)電(dian)系檢(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)計。其可(ke)(ke)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)大慣(guan)量(liang)(liang)。為保證測量(liang)(liang)準(zhun)確度，理論上(shang)要求在短暫脈沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)流(liu)通(tong)過檢(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)計時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)應靜止不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；短暫脈沖(chong)(chong)(chong)消失后(hou)，可(ke)(ke)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)或單方(fang)向，或以刻(ke)度零點為中心作(zuo)衰減擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。不(bu)論哪種(zhong)情(qing)況，取(qu)大偏(pian)轉或擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一次(ci)大值αm來表示電(dian)荷量(liang)(liang)Q的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小，即αm=S,Sq是沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊檢(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊靈敏度。可(ke)(ke)通(tong)過接入(ru)光(guang)電(dian)放大器來提高沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊檢(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Sq。普通(tong)磁(ci)電(dian)系檢(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)計也可(ke)(ke)用以測電(dian)荷量(liang)(liang)，但其可(ke)(ke)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)慣(guan)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)夠大，會產生測量(liang)(liang)誤差(cha)。一種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)式檢(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)計。可(ke)(ke)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)由(you)(you)小塊(kuai)永磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)和(he)小鏡構成(cheng)，其上(shang)下被(bei)張(zhang)絲拉緊。小磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)處(chu)于(yu)用疊片組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)極間，磁(ci)極上(shang)繞有(you)(you)線圈，被(bei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測電(dian)流(liu)i通(tong)入(ru)此線圈后(hou),由(you)(you)于(yu)可(ke)(ke)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)和(he)慣(guan)性都較(jiao)小，因此,可(ke)(ke)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)可(ke)(ke)跟隨電(dian)流(liu)i引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交變(bian)磁(ci)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬時(shi)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)。小鏡左右擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，光(guang)線被(bei)小鏡反射后(hou),在標尺上(shang)形(xing)成(cheng)光(guang)帶(dai)(dai)。i為零時(shi),小鏡不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),光(guang)帶(dai)(dai)縮成(cheng)一條線。??為(wei)使(shi)振動檢流計的靈敏度達到(dao)高點，其可動部分的機械(xie)振動頻率應(ying)與外(wai)加電流頻率產(chan)生(sheng)諧(xie)振。為此(ci)設置了另一套為調諧(xie)用的(de)永磁系統，它(ta)包括磁軛和一可旋動(dong)的(de)永磁鐵。旋(xuan)動永磁(ci)鐵可改變調諧系統磁(ci)軛的磁(ci)*度，即(ji)可改變與可動部分(fen)小磁(ci)鐵間的吸力。這等效于調整了可動部分(fen)中張絲的拉力，因此(ci)改變了可動部分(fen)的機械諧振頻率。這種檢(jian)流計主要用(yong)于(yu)工(gong)頻，作指(zhi)零儀表。
????WEIGEL安培表PQ72K 0-20MA

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WEIGEL動鐵式(shi)儀表AC 0..600A （Moving-iron meter AC 0..600 A ）
WEIGEL備件LSP48CA
檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)磁(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)儀表(biao)，它(ta)(ta)是(shi)根(gen)據載流(liu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)中受到(dao)(dao)(dao)力矩(ju)而(er)偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理制(zhi)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)中線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)是(shi)安放在(zai)軸承上，用彈簧游絲(si)(si)來(lai)(lai)維持(chi)平(ping)衡，用指針來(lai)(lai)指示偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。由于軸承有(you)摩擦(ca)，被(bei)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)能(neng)太弱(ruo)。檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用極細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬懸(xuan)絲(si)(si)代替軸承懸(xuan)掛在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)中，由于懸(xuan)絲(si)(si)細(xi)而(er)長，反(fan)(fan)(fan)抗力矩(ju)很(hen)小(xiao)(xiao)，所以(yi)(yi)有(you)很(hen)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過(guo)(guo)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)就(jiu)足以(yi)(yi)使(shi)它(ta)(ta)產生顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。因而(er)檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)靈敏(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多，可以(yi)(yi)測(ce)量微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（10-7~10-10A）或者微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（10-3~10-6V），如光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、生理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、溫差電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢等。*記錄(lu)神經動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)，就(jiu)是(shi)用此類儀器實現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。以(yi)(yi)光點式(shi)檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)例，檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由三部分(fen)組成：(1)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)部分(fen)：由永磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)(N,S)產生磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)，圓柱(zhu)形(xing)軟鐵(tie)心(xin)(xin)(J)使(shi)氣隙中磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)呈(cheng)均勻輻射(she)(she)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。(2)偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)部分(fen)：能(neng)在(zai)氣隙中轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矩(ju)形(xing)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)C及從上下拉緊(jin)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬張絲(si)(si)E,只要有(you)很(hen)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力矩(ju)作(zuo)用，就(jiu)能(neng)使(shi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。(3)讀數(shu)(shu)部分(fen)：小(xiao)(xiao)鏡M固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)動(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)上，它(ta)(ta)把光源射(she)(she)進來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光束(shu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)到(dao)(dao)(dao)標(biao)尺(chi)(chi)上形(xing)成一(yi)個光標(biao)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)(guo)動(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)時(shi)，動(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)受力偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)而(er)帶動(dong)(dong)小(xiao)(xiao)鏡M轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)過(guo)(guo)?角，因而(er)反(fan)(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)光束(shu)偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)為(wei),光標(biao)在(zai)標(biao)尺(chi)(chi)上移動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距(ju)(ju)離(li)n=L*α，L為(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)鏡到(dao)(dao)(dao)標(biao)尺(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距(ju)(ju)離(li)，實際(ji)上阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)總是(shi)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),當R≠∞,D≠0時(shi)有(you)三種運動(dong)(dong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai).1)欠阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai):此時(shi)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)R較大，β<ω,動(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)以(yi)(yi)平(ping)衡位(wei)置(zhi)為(wei)中心(xin)(xin)作(zuo)衰減振動(dong)(dong)，并且逐(zhu)漸趨緊(jin)于平(ping)衡位(wei)置(zhi)。2)臨(lin)界阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai):R=Rc,β=ω,動(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)無振動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很(hen)快達到(dao)(dao)(dao)平(ping)衡位(wei)置(zhi)，此時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)稱(cheng)為(wei)臨(lin)界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)Rc，一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)(lai)說，檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)界阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)是(shi)它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理想工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。3)過(guo)(guo)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai):當β>ω,即R<Rc,此時(shi)動(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)也是(shi)做(zuo)單向(xiang)偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運動(dong)(dong)，緩慢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨向(xiang)平(ping)衡位(wei)置(zhi)。R越小(xiao)(xiao)，到(dao)(dao)(dao)達平(ping)衡位(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)越長。因為(wei)過(guo)(guo)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)運動(dong)(dong)中，動(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)達平(ping)衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)長，而(er)且不(bu)易判斷動(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)是(shi)否(fou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)達平(ping)衡位(wei)置(zhi)，因此它(ta)(ta)對于測(ce)量是(shi)不(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。由于檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)很(hen)靈敏(min)，一(yi)般(ban)通過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)能(neng)超過(guo)(guo)1μA。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)經過(guo)(guo)兩次分(fen)壓(ya)后得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)很(hen)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(常小(xiao)(xiao)于1mV)后才加到(dao)(dao)(dao)檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中。第(di)一(yi)次采用滑線(xian)(xian)變阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器分(fen)壓(ya)，第(di)二(er)次采用固(gu)(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)R1/R0?≈10-3~10-4的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)量級分(fen)壓(ya)。K2是(shi)換向(xiang)開(kai)關，用它(ta)(ta)可以(yi)(yi)變換過(guo)(guo)檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向(xiang)， K3是(shi)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)開(kai)關，將(jiang)它(ta)(ta)合上就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)短路，檢流(liu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)就(jiu)停止振動(dong)(dong)。
其結構(圖1) 和(he)(he)工(gong)作原(yuan)理與(yu)磁(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系電(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)基本相同。作為(wei)檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)，要(yao)求有較(jiao)高(gao)的靈敏度(du)，主要(yao)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)靈敏度(du)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)靈敏度(du)。為(wei)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)靈敏度(du)，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)要(yao)增(zeng)加(jia)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)矩，例如加(jia)強磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)增(zeng)加(jia)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)匝數。但限于氣(qi)隙尺寸(cun)，須(xu)用很(hen)細的導線繞制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)。因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)靈敏度(du)高(gao)的檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)的動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(內阻(zu)(zu)(zu))較(jiao)高(gao)。此外，要(yao)降低(di)反抗(kang)力(li)矩，可采(cai)用力(li)矩很(hen)弱的拉(la)絲（或懸絲）將動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)安(an)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)永磁(ci)(ci)鐵的氣(qi)隙中(zhong)。為(wei)此，檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)使用時(shi)要(yao)保持水平(ping)位置(zhi)。檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)沒有金屬(shu)框架，阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)力(li)矩由動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)本身(shen)提供,動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)在(zai)(zai)氣(qi)隙磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi),切割磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)而(er)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勢，此電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勢引起的流(liu)(liu)過動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圈(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，在(zai)(zai)檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)又(you)與(yu)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)作用產(chan)生阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)力(li)矩。因此，外電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的結構要(yao)影響檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)的強弱。若使檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)指(zhi)示迅(xun)速達(da)到穩定(ding)，應令其工(gong)作在(zai)(zai)稍欠(qian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)狀態。磁(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)是很(hen)精細的電(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)，不使用時(shi)，須(xu)將兩端短(duan)路，這時(shi)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)尼(ni)強，可保護(hu)檢(jian)流(liu)(liu)計(ji)(ji)可動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部分少受損害。
檢流計(ji)刻(ke)(ke)度(du)盤上的(de)刻(ke)(ke)度(du)分(fen)格(ge)是均勻(yun)的(de)，零點標在度(du)盤中心。動圈左右偏轉，都(dou)可讀數(shu)。刻(ke)(ke)度(du)上雖然標有數(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)，只是表(biao)示(shi)分(fen)格(ge)數(shu)；用于測電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)壓時，要另行標定刻(ke)(ke)度(du)分(fen)格(ge)所代表(biao)的(de)準確數(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)。
磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系檢流(liu)計(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)常數(shu)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)常數(shu)互為倒數(shu)）表示，可達10-9安/分格或更(geng)高，內(nei)阻達幾千歐。用檢流(liu)計(ji)測(ce)微弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，要求有(you)(you)較(jiao)高的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)。因檢流(liu)計(ji)測(ce)量(liang)的(de)基本量(liang)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，如要求在一定的(de)被(bei)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)能有(you)(you)較(jiao)大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過(guo)檢流(liu)計(ji)，則希(xi)望檢流(liu)計(ji)有(you)(you)較(jiao)低內(nei)阻，但此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)降低。因此(ci)(ci)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)高的(de)檢流(liu)計(ji),其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)靈(ling)敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)要低些(xie)（例(li)如10-7安/分格）。
為(wei)使(shi)用方便，可將磁(ci)電(dian)系檢流計做成便攜式，動圈用張絲拉緊，并采用光線多次反射(she)以(yi)提高(gao)靈敏度。
光(guang)電(dian)放大(da)式檢(jian)(jian)流(liu)計(ji) 　將(jiang)光(guang)電(dian)放大(da)器與兩個磁電(dian)系檢(jian)(jian)流(liu)計(ji)結合(he)在(zai)一起(qi)即構成(cheng)圖2所(suo)示(shi)的光(guang)電(dian)放大(da)式檢(jian)(jian)流(liu)計(ji)。初級檢(jian)(jian)流(liu)計(ji)接在(zai)被(bei)測回路(lu)中，它(ta)的小鏡將(jiang)光(guang)線反射到差分光(guang)電(dian)池上。兩光(guang)電(dian)池的輸出電(dian)流(liu)之(zhi)差流(liu)入次級檢(jian)(jian)流(liu)計(ji)G2。如(ru)此可獲得(de)較強的信(xin)號。為使(shi)檢(jian)(jian)流(liu)計(ji)工作穩定，通常采用負(fu)反饋線路(lu)。
測(ce)(ce)短(duan)(duan)暫脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)所含(han)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系檢(jian)流(liu)計(ji)。其(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)動(dong)部(bu)分具有較大(da)(da)慣量(liang)。為保證測(ce)(ce)量(liang)準確(que)度，理論(lun)上(shang)(shang)(shang)要求在(zai)短(duan)(duan)暫脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過檢(jian)流(liu)計(ji)時，可(ke)(ke)(ke)動(dong)部(bu)分應(ying)靜止(zhi)不動(dong)；短(duan)(duan)暫脈(mo)沖(chong)消(xiao)失(shi)后(hou)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)動(dong)部(bu)分或(huo)單方(fang)向，或(huo)以刻度零(ling)點(dian)為中心作衰減擺動(dong)。不論(lun)哪(na)種情況，取(qu)大(da)(da)偏轉或(huo)擺動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)次大(da)(da)值(zhi)αm來(lai)(lai)表示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)Q的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，即(ji)αm=S,Sq是沖(chong)擊檢(jian)流(liu)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊靈敏度。可(ke)(ke)(ke)通過接入光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放大(da)(da)器來(lai)(lai)提(ti)高沖(chong)擊檢(jian)流(liu)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Sq。普通磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系檢(jian)流(liu)計(ji)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)用以測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)，但(dan)其(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)動(dong)部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)慣量(liang)不夠大(da)(da)，會產生測(ce)(ce)量(liang)誤差。一(yi)(yi)種動(dong)磁(ci)鐵式(shi)檢(jian)流(liu)計(ji)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)動(dong)部(bu)分由(you)小(xiao)(xiao)塊永磁(ci)鐵和小(xiao)(xiao)鏡(jing)構成，其(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)被張絲(si)拉緊。小(xiao)(xiao)磁(ci)鐵處(chu)于用疊(die)片組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)極間，磁(ci)極上(shang)(shang)(shang)繞有線圈，被檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)i通入此線圈后(hou),由(you)于可(ke)(ke)(ke)動(dong)部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)和慣性都較小(xiao)(xiao)，因此,可(ke)(ke)(ke)動(dong)部(bu)分可(ke)(ke)(ke)跟隨(sui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)i引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交變磁(ci)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)時值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化動(dong)作。小(xiao)(xiao)鏡(jing)左右擺動(dong)，光線被小(xiao)(xiao)鏡(jing)反射后(hou),在(zai)標尺上(shang)(shang)(shang)形成光帶(dai)。i為零(ling)時,小(xiao)(xiao)鏡(jing)不動(dong),光帶(dai)縮成一(yi)(yi)條線。??
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