編碼器（encoder）是將信號（如比特流）或數據進行編制、轉換為可用以通訊、傳輸和存儲的信號形式的設備。編碼器把角位移或直線位移轉換成電信號，前者稱為碼盤，后者稱為碼尺。按照讀出方式編碼器可以分為接觸式和非接觸式兩種；
由一個中心有軸的光電碼盤，其上有環形通、暗的刻線，有光電發射和接收器件讀取，獲得四組正弦波信號組合成A、B、C、D,每個正弦波相差90度相位差（相對于一個周波為360度），將C、D信號反向，疊加在A、B兩相上，可增強穩定信號；另每轉輸出一個Z相脈沖以代表零位參考位。
由于(yu)A、B兩相(xiang)相(xiang)差90度(du)，可通過(guo)(guo)比較(jiao)A相(xiang)在(zai)前還是B相(xiang)在(zai)前，以(yi)判別編碼器的(de)正轉與反轉，通過(guo)(guo)零位(wei)脈沖，可獲得編碼器的(de)零位(wei)參考位(wei)。編碼器碼盤的(de)材(cai)料有玻(bo)璃(li)、金(jin)屬、塑料，玻(bo)璃(li)碼盤是在(zai)玻(bo)璃(li)上沉積很薄的(de)刻線，其(qi)熱穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)好，精度(du)高，金(jin)屬碼盤直接以(yi)通和不(bu)通刻線，不(bu)易碎，但由于(yu)金(jin)屬有一定(ding)(ding)的(de)厚度(du)，精度(du)就有限制(zhi)，其(qi)熱穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)就要比玻(bo)璃(li)的(de)差一個數量(liang)級，塑料碼盤是經(jing)濟(ji)型的(de)，其(qi)成本低(di)，但精度(du)、熱穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)、壽命(ming)均要差一些(xie)。

流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)英文名(ming)稱(cheng)是(shi)(shi)flowmeter，全國科(ke)學(xue)技術名(ming)詞(ci)審定委員會把它(ta)定義(yi)為(wei)(wei)：指示被測流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和（或(huo)）在(zai)(zai)選定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)內流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀表。簡(jian)單來說(shuo)就是(shi)(shi)用于(yu)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管道(dao)或(huo)明(ming)渠中(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)儀表。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又分(fen)為(wei)(wei)有差壓(ya)式流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、轉(zhuan)子流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、節流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、細縫流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、容積(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)磁流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、超聲波流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等。按(an)介(jie)質(zhi)分(fen)類：液體(ti)(ti)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。工(gong)(gong)程上常用單位(wei)m3/h，它(ta)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)瞬時流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（Flow Rate）和累計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（Total Flow），瞬時流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)即單位(wei)時間(jian)(jian)內過封閉管道(dao)或(huo)明(ming)渠有效截面的(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)、液體(ti)(ti)、固體(ti)(ti)；累計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)即為(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)某一(yi)段時間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)內（一(yi)天、一(yi)周、一(yi)月、一(yi)年）流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過封閉管道(dao)或(huo)明(ming)渠有效截面的(de)(de)(de)(de)累計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。通過瞬時流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)對(dui)時間(jian)(jian)積(ji)(ji)分(fen)亦可(ke)(ke)求(qiu)得累計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，所(suo)以(yi)瞬時流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和累計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)(jian)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)相互轉(zhuan)化(hua)。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)廣泛應(ying)(ying)用于(yu)工(gong)(gong)農業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、國防建設、科(ke)學(xue)研究對(dui)外(wai)貿易以(yi)及人民生(sheng)活各個領域(yu)之中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)油工(gong)(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，從石(shi)(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)采、運(yun)輸、煉冶加工(gong)(gong)直至貿易銷售，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)貫穿于(yu)全過程中(zhong)(zhong)，任(ren)何一(yi)個環(huan)(huan)節都(dou)離(li)不開(kai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，否(fou)則將無(wu)法保(bao)證石(shi)(shi)油工(gong)(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和貿易交(jiao)往。在(zai)(zai)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不準確(que)會造(zao)成化(hua)學(xue)成分(fen)分(fen)配比失(shi)調，無(wu)法保(bao)證產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)還會發生(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)安全事故(gu)(gu)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)力工(gong)(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)液體(ti)(ti)、氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)、蒸汽等介(jie)質(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和調節占(zhan)有重(zhong)(zhong)要地(di)位(wei)。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)與否(fou)不僅(jin)對(dui)保(bao)證發電(dian)廠在(zai)(zai)參數(shu)下(xia)運(yun)行(xing)具(ju)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟意義(yi)，而且隨著高溫高壓(ya)大(da)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)機組的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)已成為(wei)(wei)保(bao)證發電(dian)廠安全運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要環(huan)(huan)節。如大(da)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)鍋爐瞬時給(gei)水(shui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)斷或(huo)減少(shao)，都(dou)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)造(zao)成嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干鍋或(huo)爆管事故(gu)(gu)。這(zhe)就要求(qiu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)裝(zhuang)置不但應(ying)(ying)做到準確(que)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，而且要及時地(di)發出報警信號。在(zai)(zai)鋼(gang)鐵工(gong)(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，煉鋼(gang)過程中(zhong)(zhong)循環(huan)(huan)水(shui)和氧氣(qi)(qi)(或(huo)空氣(qi)(qi))的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)保(bao)證產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要參數(shu)之一(yi)。在(zai)(zai)輕工(gong)(gong)業(ye)、食品、紡織等行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，也(ye)都(dou)離(li)不開(kai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。

制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)（refrigerating machine） 將具有較低(di)溫度的(de)(de)(de)(de)被冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻物體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)給環境介質(zhi)從而(er)獲(huo)得冷(leng)(leng)(leng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)器。從較低(di)溫度物體(ti)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)習慣上(shang)稱(cheng)為冷(leng)(leng)(leng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)內參與熱(re)力(li)(li)過程變化(hua)(hua)（能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換和(he)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)工質(zhi)稱(cheng)為制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度范(fan)圍通(tong)常(chang)在120K以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，120K以(yi)(yi)下屬深低(di)溫技(ji)術范(fan)圍。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于工農業(ye)生產和(he)日常(chang)生活(huo)中。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)應(ying)該與庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)房(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)負荷(he)相匹配(pei)(pei)。這點可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)機(ji)(ji)和(he)利用(yong)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)調(diao)節裝(zhuang)置等(deng)方法(fa)達(da)到(dao)。當然，最主(zhu)要是要有比較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)安裝(zhuang)節能(neng)(neng)措(cuo)施。如果庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)房(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)負荷(he)不變，而(er)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大時，就會使(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)溫度降(jiang)低(di)，或(huo)使(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)倒霉，這是很(hen)不好調(diao)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)裝(zhuang)置穩定性也差。反(fan)之(zhi)，如果制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)減小時，由(you)于機(ji)(ji)器未能(neng)(neng)及時吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)回(hui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器內形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)，又(you)(you)會使(shi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器溫度升高(gao)、庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)房(fang)降(jiang)溫困(kun)難。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)。依靠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)提高(gao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)實現制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)循環，按制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)種(zhong)類又(you)(you)可(ke)分為蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)（以(yi)(yi)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)為基(ji)礎，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)要發(fa)(fa)(fa)生周(zhou)期(qi)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)-液相變）和(he)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)（以(yi)(yi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)膨(peng)脹制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)為基(ji)礎，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)始終處于氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)狀(zhuang)態(tai)）兩種(zhong)，現代制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)應(ying)用(yong)*。②吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)。依靠吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)器-發(fa)(fa)(fa)生器組（熱(re)化(hua)(hua)學壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)器）的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)完(wan)成制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)循環，又(you)(you)可(ke)分為氨(an)水吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、溴(xiu)化(hua)(hua)鋰吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)擴散式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)3種(zhong)。③蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽噴射式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)。依靠蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽噴射器（噴射式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)器）的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)完(wan)成制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)循環。④半導(dao)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器。利用(yong)半導(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)-電(dian)效應(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取冷(leng)(leng)(leng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。利用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)劑(ji)(ji)對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附作(zuo)用(yong)使(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)而(er)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有氨(an)——水吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)和(he)溴(xiu)化(hua)(hua)鋰——水吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)，用(yong)熱(re)源作(zuo)為動力(li)(li)，消耗電(dian)力(li)(li)少，運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)平穩，易損件少，能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)調(diao)節范(fan)圍大，是一種(zhong)新發(fa)(fa)(fa)展起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)品(pin)種(zhong)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)是根據通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導體在磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)中受(shou)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)而制成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)內部(bu)有(you)一永磁(ci)(ci)體，在極間產生磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)，在磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)中有(you)一個(ge)線(xian)圈，線(xian)圈兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)各(ge)有(you)一個(ge)游絲彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)，彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)各(ge)連接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)接(jie)線(xian)柱，在彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)與線(xian)圈間由一個(ge)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸連接(jie)，在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸相(xiang)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前端(duan)(duan)，有(you)一個(ge)指(zhi)針。當有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)沿(yan)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)切磁(ci)(ci)感線(xian)，所以受(shou)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)圈發生偏(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，帶(dai)動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸、指(zhi)針偏(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)而增大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，所以就可以通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)指(zhi)針的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)程(cheng)度來(lai)觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小。一般可直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)微安(an)或(huo)(huo)毫安(an)數(shu)量(liang)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，為(wei)(wei)測(ce)(ce)更大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)應有(you)并聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)（又稱(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)）。主要采(cai)用(yong)磁(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)要使(shi)(shi)(shi)滿(man)量(liang)程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)滿(man)偏(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)指(zhi)示(shi)達到(dao)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)幾(ji)(ji)安(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，可在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)內設置分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)幾(ji)(ji)安(an)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，則采(cai)用(yong)外附(fu)(fu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)很小，為(wei)(wei)避免(mian)引線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)附(fu)(fu)加于(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)而引起誤(wu)差(cha)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)要制成(cheng)四端(duan)(duan)形(xing)式，即有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)端(duan)(duan)，兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓端(duan)(duan)。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)主要采(cai)用(yong)磁(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(見機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械式指(zhi)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou))，這些測(ce)(ce)量(liang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)基本量(liang)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，可用(yong)來(lai)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)測(ce)(ce)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，磁(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)要使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)，也就是并聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是將大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。對約10A以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)多采(cai)用(yong)內附(fu)(fu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi);對更大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)，則使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)。它采(cai)取四端(duan)(duan)結構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(圖a)，具有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)端(duan)(duan)，兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位端(duan)(duan)。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)可采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)。為(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)磁(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)也能用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，可利用(yong)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶等器(qi)(qi)件先(xian)將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu);由它們(men)組合而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(見整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao))、熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)。為(wei)(wei)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)程(cheng)以測(ce)(ce)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)也采(cai)用(yong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法同前;電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)則是加粗線(xian)圈導線(xian)、減少匝數(shu)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)更大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)需配合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。通(tong)(tong)常可利用(yong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)和交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)數(shu)字(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)(biao)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)數(shu)字(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)。

HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    557654-04
HEIDENHAIN    備件    534855-12
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    393 692-75
HEIDENHAIN    轉換器    1BV102  ID:536422-20
HEIDENHAIN    備件    MT12W Id.Nr:231011-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    390925-18
HEIDENHAIN    連接線    658110-01
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    ID:359341-02
HEIDENHAIN    備件    352611-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:727222-56
HEIDENHAIN    位移傳感器    ID：680983-01  AT1218
HEIDENHAIN    電子尺接頭電纜    533631-05
HEIDENHAIN    光柵    ID:557649-06
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    353403-P1
HEIDENHAIN    備件    667786-02
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    ID:533631-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    EQN4255120FK06-1*R0.00...50A  549892-01
HEIDENHAIN    濾芯    810416-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:533110-01
HEIDENHAIN    密封條    266051-05
HEIDENHAIN    磨床探頭    MT12   ID:243602-06
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:631713-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    291698-06
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    667785-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    249870-08
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    ID:557650-18
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    393000-07
HEIDENHAIN    LINEAR ENCODER光柵尺    557677-10
HEIDENHAIN    探測傳感器    511395-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    344980-14
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    ID:689697-07
HEIDENHAIN    備件    No:533 110-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ERN1387.035-2048 ID：749147-02
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    ID:689697-03 LC185 340
HEIDENHAIN    探測傳感器    511395-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    393000-07
HEIDENHAIN    高度計    ST1278 ID：383963-03
HEIDENHAIN    濾芯    337147-01
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LC 183; ML1240; +/- 0.003mm  557680-12
HEIDENHAIN    備件    1065932-12
HEIDENHAIN    讀數頭    393 000-02
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺電纜    533631-06   6m
HEIDENHAIN    長度測量系統    329991-14
HEIDENHAIN    接頭    291697-04（9芯）
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    310727-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    735117-02
HEIDENHAIN    濾芯    ID 810415-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ROD486-5000 03S12-03 377240-12
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    631713-01
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    572249-13
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    689697-11
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    390925-04
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:606 689-16
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    689681-15
HEIDENHAIN    位移傳感器    232715-03
HEIDENHAIN    光柵測量頭    MT12W IdNr.231011-03
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    ID:557650-06
HEIDENHAIN    備件    534855-12
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    375137-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    636872-04
HEIDENHAIN    光柵讀數頭    LC183ML3040  557679-63
HEIDENHAIN    玻璃比例尺    526974-08
HEIDENHAIN    傳感器    393000-15
HEIDENHAIN    備件    557676-10
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    527392-23
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    572249-10
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    735117-02
HEIDENHAIN    短光柵    MT12ID243602-06
HEIDENHAIN    備件    376834-4K
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    586645-04
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:231011-03
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    329993-22
HEIDENHAIN    備件    360645-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    LC483 420  ID:557649-08
HEIDENHAIN    伺服電機    LC185/5nm.ML 940mm.ID:689696-09.SN:51569793
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    ST3078 375134-02
HEIDENHAIN    位置傳感器（磁尺）    LS186-240 336960-13
HEIDENHAIN    備件    MT 12W  ID:231011-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    295434-1F
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:317 909-36
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    310123-03
HEIDENHAIN    接頭    291697-04（9芯）
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    383963-03
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557677-08
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    636872-04
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    376880-65
HEIDENHAIN    備件    557647-16
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    ID:341240-10
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    529718-04
HEIDENHAIN    傳感器    383979-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    LS186C ML 840mm  ID.NR.336963-19
HEIDENHAIN    密封條    266051-05
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID589611-OL
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID 1065932-11 ECN 413 2048 01-58
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺EXE盒    Id.:536397-01
HEIDENHAIN    光柵傳感器    MT12W  ID:231  011-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    EQN1325.049-2048  升級ID：655251-52
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    631713-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    RCN727F ID：529718-05
HEIDENHAIN    備件    360645-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ROQ425 521 03S17-58  ID 586634-12
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LS703 ML270mm Id.Nr.336976-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    L=1400 315423-03
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    336958-56
HEIDENHAIN    磁鼓    390925-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID.376 886-A5
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺電纜    360645-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    393000-61
HEIDENHAIN    備件    549889-01 21581090
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    331589-04
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID：243602-06
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    622540-01
        
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    RCN729 529717-02
HEIDENHAIN    伺服電機    LC183/5nm.SN:49964675W.ML:1040mm.ID:557-680-10
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    385430-06
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    RCN8380 667596-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器電纜    360645-03
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    572249-13
HEIDENHAIN    電子尺    383978-XX
HEIDENHAIN    備件    375133-02
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    727221-02
HEIDENHAIN    備件    517352-17
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    349522-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    315420-04
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    528100-01
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    Id:309777-07 L7
HEIDENHAIN    旋轉編碼器    735117-52
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LS186ML1440ID.NR.336960-50
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID-Nr:393000-07
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:369 104-03
HEIDENHAIN    光柵測量頭    MT12W，12MM IDN 231011-03
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    329993-22
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    L=1000 315423-01
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    551027-09
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ERN431 ID385438-31
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    727221-02
HEIDENHAIN    線纜    369428-06
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    349522-34
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ERN1387.020-2048 Id.Nr.385487-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    385438-30
HEIDENHAIN    備件    LC183/10nm ML1740mm 557679-17
HEIDENHAIN    LINEAR SCALE    LC 195S 1640 5.0    760912-46
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    ID：372849-05
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    551126-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    586654-16
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    EQN1325 2048 62S12-78 1D 586653-12
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    383600-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    366713-02
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    393000-07
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    RCN5380 ID:667831-01
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    ID:536421-20
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557650-09
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    DSLHEI689691-06
HEIDENHAIN    濾芯    337148-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    RCN8380 667596-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    RON886C-36000 ID355886-04
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    533631-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:385487-03
HEIDENHAIN    Linear glass scale cable    533631-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:760916-04
HEIDENHAIN    備件    557647-20
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557679-08
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557677-10
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    ID:557 644-07
HEIDENHAIN    粗濾芯    ID：337147-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:529 370-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    312214-16
HEIDENHAIN    備件    375133-02
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    760933-21
HEIDENHAIN    備件    341240-47
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557679-10
HEIDENHAIN    位移傳感器    232715-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:760916-04
HEIDENHAIN    備件    557642-14
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ROQ42551227S17-E0   631702-74
HEIDENHAIN    備件    533117-20
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    310123-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ERN.1381.062-2048M11  ID:727222-07
HEIDENHAIN    信號轉換線    617765-N2
HEIDENHAIN    備件    658725-03
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LC483/10NM-ML920MM(帶讀數頭AELC4×3）ID557649-17
HEIDENHAIN    光柵(zha)尺(chi)    LC483 ID:557653-22

HEIDENHAIN編碼器393000-07翊霈優質供應

HEIDENHAIN編碼器393000-07翊霈優質供應