編碼器（encoder）是將信號（如比特流）或數據進行編制、轉換為可用以通訊、傳輸和存儲的信號形式的設備。編碼器把角位移或直線位移轉換成電信號，前者稱為碼盤，后者稱為碼尺。按照讀出方式編碼器可以分為接觸式和非接觸式兩種；
由一個中心有軸的光電碼盤，其上有環形通、暗的刻線，有光電發射和接收器件讀取，獲得四組正弦波信號組合成A、B、C、D,每個正弦波相差90度相位差（相對于一個周波為360度），將C、D信號反向，疊加在A、B兩相上，可增強穩定信號；另每轉輸出一個Z相脈沖以代表零位參考位。
由于A、B兩(liang)相(xiang)相(xiang)差90度(du)，可通(tong)(tong)過比較A相(xiang)在前還是(shi)(shi)B相(xiang)在前，以判別(bie)編碼(ma)(ma)器的(de)(de)正轉與反(fan)轉，通(tong)(tong)過零(ling)位脈沖，可獲得編碼(ma)(ma)器的(de)(de)零(ling)位參(can)考位。編碼(ma)(ma)器碼(ma)(ma)盤(pan)(pan)的(de)(de)材料有玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)、金屬、塑(su)料，玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)碼(ma)(ma)盤(pan)(pan)是(shi)(shi)在玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)上沉積很薄的(de)(de)刻(ke)線，其熱穩定(ding)性好(hao)，精度(du)高，金屬碼(ma)(ma)盤(pan)(pan)直接以通(tong)(tong)和不(bu)通(tong)(tong)刻(ke)線，不(bu)易碎，但由于金屬有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)厚度(du)，精度(du)就(jiu)有限制，其熱穩定(ding)性就(jiu)要比玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)差一(yi)個數(shu)量級，塑(su)料碼(ma)(ma)盤(pan)(pan)是(shi)(shi)經濟型的(de)(de)，其成本低，但精度(du)、熱穩定(ding)性、壽命均要差一(yi)些。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)(fuse)也(ye)被稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)，IEC127標準將它定義為"熔(rong)斷(duan)體（fuse-link)"。其(qi)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)過(guo)載保(bao)(bao)(bao)護作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)正確(que)安(an)置(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)就會在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)異(yi)常(chang)升(sheng)高(gao)到一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度和(he)熱(re)(re)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)，自身熔(rong)斷(duan)切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)安(an)全(quan)運行(xing)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)故障或異(yi)常(chang)時(shi)，伴隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不斷(duan)升(sheng)高(gao)，并(bing)且升(sheng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)有(you)可(ke)能損(sun)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某些(xie)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)器件，也(ye)有(you)可(ke)能燒(shao)毀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)甚(shen)至(zhi)造成(cheng)火災。若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)正確(que)地安(an)置(zhi)了保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)，那么保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)就會在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)異(yi)常(chang)升(sheng)高(gao)到一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度和(he)熱(re)(re)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)，自身熔(rong)斷(duan)切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，從而(er)起(qi)(qi)到保(bao)(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)安(an)全(quan)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)由三個(ge)部(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)熔(rong)體部(bu)分(fen)，它是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心，熔(rong)斷(duan)時(shi)起(qi)(qi)到切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)、同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)規格保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)體，材質要(yao)相同(tong)、幾何(he)尺寸要(yao)相同(tong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)盡可(ke)能地小且要(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，最重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)熔(rong)斷(duan)特(te)性要(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，家用(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)常(chang)用(yong)鉛銻合金(jin)制成(cheng)；二(er)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)部(bu)分(fen)，通常(chang)有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)，它是(shi)(shi)熔(rong)體與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)聯接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)部(bu)件，它必須(xu)有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性，不應產(chan)生(sheng)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)接(jie)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻；三是(shi)(shi)支架部(bu)分(fen)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)體一(yi)(yi)(yi)般都纖細柔軟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，支架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)就是(shi)(shi)將熔(rong)體固定并(bing)使三個(ge)部(bu)分(fen)成(cheng)為剛性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體便于安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、使用(yong)，它必須(xu)有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機械強度、絕緣性、耐熱(re)(re)性和(he)阻燃(ran)性，在(zai)使用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)不應產(chan)生(sheng)斷(duan)裂、變形(xing)、燃(ran)燒(shao)及短路(lu)(lu)(lu)等現(xian)象。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)及大功率設備所(suo)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)，不僅(jin)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三個(ge)部(bu)分(fen)，而(er)且還有(you)滅(mie)(mie)弧(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，因為這類(lei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)所(suo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)不僅(jin)工作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)較大，而(er)且當熔(rong)體發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)熔(rong)斷(duan)時(shi)其(qi)兩(liang)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓也(ye)很高(gao)，往往會出(chu)現(xian)熔(rong)體已(yi)熔(rong)化（熔(rong)斷(duan)）甚(shen)至(zhi)已(yi)汽化，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)并(bing)沒有(you)切斷(duan)，其(qi)原(yuan)因就是(shi)(shi)在(zai)熔(rong)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)瞬間在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)之間發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)拉弧(hu)現(xian)象。這個(ge)滅(mie)(mie)弧(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)必須(xu)有(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣性與很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性，且呈負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性。石英砂就是(shi)(shi)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)(mie)弧(hu)材料。

軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（Bearing）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)代機(ji)械設備(bei)中(zhong)一種(zhong)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)零部件(jian)。它(ta)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支撐機(ji)械旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)體，降低(di)其(qi)(qi)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數。滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之壽命以轉(zhuan)(zhuan)數（或以一定(ding)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)下的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)小(xiao)時數）定(ding)義：在(zai)此(ci)壽命以內(nei)的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，應在(zai)其(qi)(qi)任(ren)何軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圈(quan)或滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)體上發生(sheng)初步疲勞(lao)損(sun)壞（剝(bo)落或缺損(sun)）。然而(er)無論在(zai)實驗室(shi)試驗或在(zai)實際使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)，都可明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)看(kan)到，在(zai)同(tong)樣的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)條件(jian)下的(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)觀相同(tong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，實際壽命大不(bu)相同(tong)。此(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai)還(huan)有(you)數種(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)定(ding)義的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“壽命”，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)之一即所謂的(de)“工作(zuo)(zuo)壽命”，它(ta)表示某一軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)損(sun)壞之前可達到的(de)實際壽命是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)磨損(sun)、損(sun)壞通常(chang)(chang)并非由(you)(you)疲勞(lao)所致，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)磨損(sun)、腐蝕、密(mi)封(feng)損(sun)壞等(deng)原因造成(cheng)。深溝球(qiu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具代表性的(de)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。與尺(chi)寸(cun)相同(tong)的(de)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)類(lei)型(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相比，該類(lei)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)摩(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數小(xiao)，極限(xian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)高(gao)(gao)，結構簡單，制造成(cheng)本低(di)，精度高(gao)(gao)，無需經常(chang)(chang)維護，而(er)且尺(chi)寸(cun)范圍大、形式多(duo)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應用(yong)(yong)*的(de)一類(lei)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。它(ta)主要(yao)(yao)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)(shou)徑(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)載(zai)荷(he)，也可承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)(shou)一定(ding)的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)載(zai)荷(he)。當(dang)其(qi)(qi)僅承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)(shou)徑(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)載(zai)荷(he)時，接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)角為零。金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬直線(xian)(xian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)以低(di)成(cheng)本生(sheng)產的(de)直線(xian)(xian)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)無限(xian)行程與圓(yuan)柱軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)配合(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。由(you)(you)于(yu)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)球(qiu)與軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)呈點(dian)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)，故(gu)(gu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)載(zai)荷(he)小(xiao)。鋼球(qiu)以極小(xiao)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)阻力(li)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，從而(er)能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲得(de)高(gao)(gao)精度的(de)平穩運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)。塑料(liao)直線(xian)(xian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)自潤滑特性的(de)直線(xian)(xian)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)，其(qi)(qi)于(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬直線(xian)(xian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最大的(de)區別(bie)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬直線(xian)(xian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)摩(mo)擦(ca)，軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與圓(yuan)柱軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)，所以這(zhe)種(zhong)適合(he)低(di)載(zai)荷(he)高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)；而(er)塑料(liao)直線(xian)(xian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)滑動(dong)(dong)摩(mo)擦(ca)，軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與圓(yuan)柱軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)，所以這(zhe)種(zhong)適合(he)高(gao)(gao)載(zai)荷(he)中(zhong)低(di)速(su)(su)(su)(su)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)。調(diao)心滾(gun)(gun)子軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)兩列對稱型(xing)球(qiu)面滾(gun)(gun)子，主要(yao)(yao)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)(shou)徑(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)載(zai)荷(he)，同(tong)時也能(neng)(neng)(neng)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)(shou)任(ren)一方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)載(zai)荷(he)，但(dan)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)(shou)純(chun)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)載(zai)荷(he)。該類(lei)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)圈(quan)滾(gun)(gun)道是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)球(qiu)面形，故(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)調(diao)心性能(neng)(neng)(neng)良好(hao)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)補償同(tong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)度誤差，當(dang)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)受(shou)(shou)力(li)彎曲或安(an)裝(zhuang)不(bu)同(tong)心時軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)仍可正常(chang)(chang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，調(diao)心性隨軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)尺(chi)寸(cun)系(xi)列不(bu)同(tong)而(er)異，一般所允(yun)許的(de)調(diao)心角度為1~2.5度 ，該類(lei)型(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)負(fu)荷(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)較大，除能(neng)(neng)(neng)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)(shou)徑(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷(he)外(wai)(wai)(wai)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)還(huan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)(shou)雙向(xiang)(xiang)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷(he)，具有(you)較好(hao)的(de)抗(kang)沖(chong)擊能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，一般來說調(diao)心滾(gun)(gun)子軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所允(yun)許的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)較低(di)。適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)重(zhong)載(zai)或振動(dong)(dong)載(zai)荷(he)下工作(zuo)(zuo)。

蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)是液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儲蓄(xu)(xu)裝置。它在適當(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)將(jiang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)位能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)儲存起來(lai)(lai)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)需(xu)要(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，又(you)將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)位能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)或(huo)(huo)(huo)氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)而(er)釋放出來(lai)(lai)，重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)補供給(gei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)瞬間壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)增大(da)(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，它可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)吸收這部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，以(yi)(yi)保證整個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)正(zheng)常。液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，因此利用液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)是無法蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，必須依(yi)靠其(qi)(qi)他介質來(lai)(lai)轉(zhuan)換、蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。例如(ru)，利用氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)（氮氣）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)性(xing)質研制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皮(pi)囊(nang)(nang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充氣蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)就是一(yi)種蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置。皮(pi)囊(nang)(nang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)由油(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)部分和(he)帶(dai)有氣密封(feng)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)部分組成，位于皮(pi)囊(nang)(nang)周圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)油(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)回路接(jie)通(tong)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)升(sheng)高時(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)進入(ru)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)，氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)被壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)，直到(dao)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)管路壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)上(shang)升(sheng)；當(dang)(dang)(dang)管路壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)降時(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空氣膨脹，將(jiang)油(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)回路，從(cong)而(er)減緩管路壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降。蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)有兩(liang)種用途。①當(dang)(dang)(dang)低速運(yun)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)載荷需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)小(xiao)于液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)多余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儲入(ru)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)載荷要(yao)求流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)于液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)從(cong)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)放出來(lai)(lai)，以(yi)(yi)補液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)之不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足。②當(dang)(dang)(dang)停機(ji)(ji)但仍需(xu)維持(chi)一(yi)定壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)停止液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)而(er)由蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)補償系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)漏，以(yi)(yi)保持(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)。蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)用來(lai)(lai)吸收液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)脈動(dong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)吸收系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)沖擊(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)。蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、重(zhong)(zhong)錘(chui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)彈簧(huang)(huang)來(lai)(lai)產生(sheng)，相應地蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)分為(wei)氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、重(zhong)(zhong)錘(chui)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)彈簧(huang)(huang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與(yu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)者，稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)接(jie)觸(chu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)結構簡單(dan)，容量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)，但液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)容易混(hun)入(ru)氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，常用于水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)。氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與(yu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)隔(ge)(ge)離式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，常用皮(pi)囊(nang)(nang)和(he)隔(ge)(ge)膜來(lai)(lai)隔(ge)(ge)離，皮(pi)囊(nang)(nang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)變化(hua)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)，隔(ge)(ge)膜體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)變化(hua)量(liang)(liang)(liang)小(xiao)，常用于吸收壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)脈動(dong)。重(zhong)(zhong)錘(chui)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)較大(da)(da)(da)，常用于軋機(ji)(ji)等(deng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)，供蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)用。

HEIDENHAIN    適配器電纜    805375-12
HEIDENHAIN    濾芯    337147-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    533117-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    375137-01
HEIDENHAIN    光柵    557679-07
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LIDA 107C ML940 光尺 ID:317 910-S2
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ERN 180 2500 ID:589614-4U
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557677-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    727222-01
HEIDENHAIN    傳感器    ID376836-1H，ROD436204827S12-03
HEIDENHAIN    讀數頭    ID:529732-18
HEIDENHAIN    備件    290028-6N
HEIDENHAIN    備件    640184-14
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    557654-04
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    Id.Nr.310128-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    533910-42
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    298401-02
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID：329350-02
HEIDENHAIN    讀數頭    348427-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    618830-22
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    689697-08
HEIDENHAIN    旋轉編碼器    376 834-20
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    589614-54
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID 1065932-11 ECN 413 2048 01-58
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LC 183; ML1240; +/- 0.003mm  557680-12
HEIDENHAIN    備件    557679-14
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    385480-0A
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    572249-10
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    ID:231011-03
HEIDENHAIN    測頭    270922-01
HEIDENHAIN    光柵    557644-16
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺配件    344228-03 1Vss/TTL 568624 84 11
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    312214-16
 
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LS703 ML470mm Id.Nr.336976-07
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557649-14
HEIDENHAIN    磁柵傳感器    393000-71
HEIDENHAIN    光柵    ID:557649-06
HEIDENHAIN    光柵線位測量系統    557649-07
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LS 487C; ML2040    572249-26
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID 662 636-02
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID358699-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    336 960-20
HEIDENHAIN    讀數頭    ID 594878-01
HEIDENHAIN    細分盒    ID:536397-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    291697-27
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:515385-01
HEIDENHAIN    接頭    291698-01（9芯）
HEIDENHAIN    檢測儀    325413-01
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    MT25P  ID：232715-03
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557677-07
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    589614-54
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    393000-02
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    EQN1325  ID:586653-12
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    310128-01
HEIDENHAIN    讀數頭    AE LS186 326 797-03(658492-02 )
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LS704 ML170 Id.Nr.336978-C2
HEIDENHAIN    PROFINET網關    DP EnDat21 R10 ID 688014-01 SN46643669
HEIDENHAIN    備件    589614-0M
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    753298-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    385424-22
HEIDENHAIN    ROTARY TRANSDUCER    ROQ 425 / 752521-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    376886-07
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    521291-04
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    ID:533631-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    LS181  ML1340mm 332358-12
HEIDENHAIN    備件    827039-06
HEIDENHAIN    測量輪    390925-04
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺尺身和讀數頭    LS187C(1240mm) Nr.526974-12
HEIDENHAIN    備件    Nr. 533631-02
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    385502-09
HEIDENHAIN    密封條    266051-05
HEIDENHAIN    備件    344980-14
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    383963-03
HEIDENHAIN    濾芯    ID 810416-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    MT2571 ID:331667-01
HEIDENHAIN    連接電纜    309777-02
HEIDENHAIN    測量臂光柵尺    231011-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    536398-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:586645-12
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    689680-17
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ERN1387.020-2048 Id.Nr.385487-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    393000-07
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    599502-05
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    ID:557677-04
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    ID：369129-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    EQN1325.049-2048  ID：655251-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID：243602-08
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    DSLHEI748880-13
HEIDENHAIN    備件    344451-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    606689-16
HEIDENHAIN    ENCODER    ERN1387.020-2048 ID:385487-03
HEIDENHAIN    讀數頭    ID:311 130-01
HEIDENHAIN    伺服電機    LC183/5nm.SN:49964675W.ML:1040mm.ID:557-680-10
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    ID:231011-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    385480-48
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LC481/ID:353703-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    393000-61
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:631713-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    312215-02
HEIDENHAIN    適配器電纜    310123-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    LS186C ML 840mm  ID.NR.336963-19
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    EQ425 512 27S17-EO 1132407-03
HEIDENHAIN    備件    805375-15
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    385489-08
HEIDENHAIN    讀數頭    AELS406C ID:310107-02
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:810800-50
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID 528100-50
HEIDENHAIN    轉接頭    617765-N5
HEIDENHAIN    備件    643450-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    DSLHEI746721-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:735117-61
HEIDENHAIN    備件    RON 285 9000 ID:358699-28
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LS703 ML270mm Id.Nr.336976-03
HEIDENHAIN    讀數頭    594875-01
HEIDENHAIN    電器件    Type: 636872-06   LIDA47
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    243603-16
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    243602-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    530674-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    LS187C 、ML1140mm 、ID:526974-11 、SN:36050562D
HEIDENHAIN    濾芯    810415-01
HEIDENHAIN    爐卷萬能磨床/3/損壞無備件    ID331-918-12
HEIDENHAIN    備件    689696-07
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557650-04
HEIDENHAIN    長(chang)度計    ST1288，ID383978-01

HEIDENHAIN 編碼器530674-01翊霈優質報價

HEIDENHAIN 編碼器530674-01翊霈優質報價